I-high-end aluminium alloy materials: ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwesingeniso sokwakhiwa kwebhuloho

2024-04-18 09:52:59

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusheshisa ukuthuthela emadolobheni, amabhuloho, njengengxenye ebalulekile yezokuthutha zasemadolobheni, ahlala esungula ekwakhiweni kwawo nasezindleleni zokwakha. Amabhuloho ensimbi endabuko asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga ezifana nokugqwala kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokulondoloza zivela kancane kancane. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-aluminium alloy seziphenduke inguquko emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngezinzuzo zazo eziyingqayizivele zokusebenza.

Izinzuzo ze-aluminium alloy materials

Izinzuzo zomklamo ongasindi

Ukuminyana kwe-aluminium alloy cishe ku-2.7 g/cm³, okungaba yi-1/3 kuphela yensimbi. Isho ukuthini le ndawo engasindi ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho nokwakhiwa? Okokuqala nje, izakhiwo zamabhuloho angasindi zinganciphisa izidingo zezisekelo, zivumele ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho amakhulu ezindaweni ezinezimo ezingezinhle zomhlaba. Okwesibili, izakhiwo ezingasindi nazo zinganciphisa izindleko zokuhamba nezokufaka, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude noma ezindaweni ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezingasindi zingasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba ngoba isisindo esilula sinciphisa amandla angenayo ngaphansi kokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ukubaluleka kokumelana nokugqwala

Izinto ze-aluminium alloy zingakha ifilimu eliminyene le-oxide endaweni yemvelo. Le filimu ye-oxide ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukungena komswakama nomoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele impahla ekugqwaleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho, njengoba amabhuloho evame ukuvezwa izakhi futhi adinga ukumelana nezakhi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhuloho ensimbi endabuko, amabhuloho e-aluminium alloy awadingi ukwelashwa okuvamile okulwa nokugqwala, anciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa isikhathi eside kanye nomsebenzi.

Inhlanganisela ephelele ye-plasticity kanye ne-processability

Izinto ze-aluminium alloy kulula ukuzikhipha futhi zakha, futhi amaphrofayili anezigaba ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi angenziwa, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi okwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Abaklami bangaklama izakhiwo zamabhuloho ezinhle nezisebenzayo njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezimbili zamadolobha esimanje ngokubukeka kwezwe nokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium alloy welding kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nabo buthuthuka njalo, okwenza ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho e-aluminium alloy kube lula futhi kusheshe.

Izakhiwo zemishini kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma ama-alloys e-aluminium

Ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezakhiwo zemishini Nakuba ama-alloys e-aluminium ene-elastic modulus ephansi, amandla awo akhethekile (isilinganiso samandla ku-density) afana, noma angcono nakakhulu, kunensimbi enamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo ze-aluminium alloy zingaba lula ngenkathi zithwele umthwalo ofanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ze-elastic deformation ze-aluminium alloys zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngesikhathi sokuklama, futhi ukuqina namandla esakhiwo kufanele kuklanywe ngokunengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesakhiwo.

Ukuqamba kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bokuxhuma

Ama-alloys e-aluminium angaxhunywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okuboshiwe, ukuxhuma kwe-rivet nokuxhuma okuhlanganisiwe. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala kwe-galvanic, ama-rivets e-aluminium noma ama-bolts avame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ze-aluminium alloy. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela, ukusebenza kwe-welding ye-aluminium alloys kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. I-MIG welding (i-melting inert gas welding) kanye ne-TIG welding (i-tungsten inert gas welding) izindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-aluminium alloy welding ezinganikeza amalunga aphezulu ahlanganisiwe ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme zokwakha ibhuloho.

Ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamabhuloho e-aluminium alloy

Dizayina Amaphuzu Okusebenza Okuzinzile

Izingxenye ze-aluminium alloy zingase zihlupheke ngenxa yokugoba kwe-lateral kanye nokungazinzi kwe-torsional lapho zingaphansi kokugoba, okudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokuklama. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, abaklami bangathatha izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene, njengokwengeza izisekelo ezivundlile, ukushintsha ifomu le-cross-sectional, besebenzisa ama-stiffeners, njll. Lezi zinyathelo zingathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuzinza kwendawo kanye nokuphelele kwamabhuloho we-aluminium alloy. futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene.

Izibonelo zebhuloho le-aluminium alloy

I-Hangzhou Qingchun Road Middle River Pedestrian Bridge

Leli bhuloho lisebenzisa i-aluminium alloy truss structure girder, futhi impahla yebhuloho eyinhloko yi-6082-T6 aluminium alloy. Ibhuloho elingamamitha angu-36.8 ubude linesisindo samathani angu-11 kuphela, okubonisa izinzuzo zokuklama okulula kwamabhuloho e-aluminium alloy. Umklamo webhuloho awubheki nje ukusebenza, kodwa futhi ucabangela ngokugcwele ukuvumelana nendawo ezungezile, ibe yindawo enhle edolobheni.

I-Shanghai Xujiahui Pedestrian Bridge

Ibhuloho le-Shanghai Xujiahui labahamba ngezinyawo elaklanywa iNyuvesi yaseTongji lenziwe nge-6061-T6 aluminium alloy, eline-span eyodwa engamamitha angu-23, ububanzi obungamamitha angu-6, isisindo esifile esingu-150kN kuphela, kanye nesisindo somthwalo esiphezulu esingu-50t. Ukwakhiwa okusheshayo nokusetshenziswa kwaleli bhuloho kukhombisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwamabhuloho e-aluminium alloy emadolobheni anamuhla.

Beishi Xidan Pedestrian Bridge

I-aluminium alloy superstructure ye-Xidan Pedestrian Bridge e-Bei City yakhiwe inkampani exhaswa ngemali yangaphandle, futhi iphrofayili eyinhloko ye-aluminium alloy yi-6082-T6. Ubude obuphelele be-span main buyi-38.1m, ububanzi obucacile bedekhi yebhuloho buyi-8m, kanti ubude obuphelele bungama-84m. Ibhuloho laklanywa ngokunethezeka kwabahamba ngezinyawo nokuphepha engqondweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium alloy materials kunikeza ibhuloho impilo ende yesevisi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-aluminium alloy ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho akuthuthukisi kuphela ukusebenza kwesakhiwo nokuqina kwamabhuloho, kodwa futhi kuletha amathuba amaningi okwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwakha, amabhuloho e-aluminium alloy kulindeleke ukuthi adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho esikhathini esizayo futhi abe isixhumanisi esibalulekile esixhuma amadolobha anamuhla.