Ukulawulwa okuhle kokuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium alloy nezinqubo zokuphonsa: ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesingeniso se-6063 aluminium alloy.

Ukulawula ukwakheka kwama-alloys e-aluminium kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwempahla. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-6063 aluminium alloy, ngaphezu kokulawula okuqukethwe kwezakhi eziyinhloko ze-alloy, njengesilinganiso se-magnesium ne-silicon, izakhi ezingcolile ezifana nensimbi, ithusi, i-manganese, njll nazo zidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile. Nakuba lezi zakhi zinomphumela omncane kuzakhiwo ze-alloy ngamanani okulandela umkhondo, uma sezidlule umkhawulo othile, zizoba nomthelela omubi kuzakhiwo zemishini nokumelana nokugqwala kwempahla. Ikakhulukazi i-zinc, uma okuqukethwe kwayo kudlula i-0.05%, amabala amhlophe azovela ebusweni bephrofayili ngemva kwe-oxidation, ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwe-zinc kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-6063 aluminium alloy kusekelwe ezingeni le-GB/T5237-93, elihlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-silicon engu-0.2-0.6%, i-0.45-0.9% ye-magnesium futhi ifika ku-0.35% yensimbi. Le alloy iyingxubevange ye-aluminium eqinisiwe ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi isigaba sayo esiyinhloko sokuqinisa i-Mg2Si. Phakathi nenqubo yokucisha, inani lesixazululo esiqinile i-Mg2Si sinquma amandla okugcina we-alloy. Izinga lokushisa le-eutectic lingu-595°C. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-Mg2Si ngu-1.85%, okwehla ku-1.05% ku-500°C. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokucisha kubalulekile emandleni engxubevange. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso se-magnesium ne-silicon ku-alloy sinomthelela omkhulu ekuncibilikeni okuqinile kwe-Mg2Si. Ukuze uthole i-alloy yamandla aphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso se-Mg: Si singaphansi kwe-1.73.

Ukuncibilikisa kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko senqubo yokukhiqiza izinduku ezisansimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lika-6063 aluminium alloy kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile phakathi kuka-750-760°C. Ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu kuzoholela esizukulwaneni se-slag inclusions, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizokwandisa ingozi yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, i-oxidation kanye ne-nitriding. Ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen ku-aluminium ewuketshezi kukhuphuka ngokucijile ngaphezu kuka-760°C. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwe-flux kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucwenga nakho kubalulekile. Okuguquguqukayo njengamanje emakethe ikakhulukazi i-chloride ne-fluoride. Lezi zimfucumfucu zimunca kalula umswakama. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zigcinwe zomile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, zivalwe futhi zipakishwe futhi zigcinwe kahle. Ukucwenga isifutho sempushana njengamanje kuyindlela eyinhloko yokucwenga ingxubevange ye-aluminium engu-6063. Ngale ndlela, i-ejenti yokucwenga ingathintana ngokugcwele noketshezi lwe-aluminium ukuze ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo. Ukucindezela kwe-nitrogen okusetshenziselwa ukucwenga kwe-powder kufanele kube phansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi ye-oxidation kanye nokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.

Ukusakaza kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yama-cast rods. Izinga lokushisa elizwakalayo lokusakaza lingagwema ukwenzeka kokulimala kokulingisa. Oketshezini lwe-6063 aluminium alloy oluye lwenziwa ukwelashwa okucolisisiwe okusanhlamvu, izinga lokushisa lokuphonsa lingakhushulwa ngokufanelekile libe ngu-720-740°C. Leli banga lokushisa lihambisana nokugeleza nokuqiniswa kwe-aluminium ewuketshezi kuyilapho kunciphisa ubungozi bezimbotshana nezinhlamvu ezimahhadla. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, ukuthuthumela nokugoqa kwe-aluminium liquid kufanele kugwenywe ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwefilimu ye-oxide kanye nesizukulwane se-slag inclusions. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlunga uketshezi lwe-aluminium kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokususa i-slag engeyona eyensimbi. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-scum engaphezulu yoketshezi lwe-aluminium iyasuswa ngaphambi kokuhlunga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlunga okubushelelezi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Homogenization kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi yokuphonsa kanye nokungalingani kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu. I-non-equilibrium crystallization izoholela ekuphonseni ingcindezi nokungalingani kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinhlamvu. Lezi zinkinga zizothinta inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yenqubo ye-extrusion, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokwelashwa kwendawo yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukwelashwa kwe-homogenization kukhuthaza ukusabalalisa izakhi ze-aluminium alloy kusuka emingceleni yokusanhlamvu zibe izinhlamvu ngokugcina ukushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kufezeke ukufana kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwezinhlamvu. Ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu bunomthelela omkhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-homogenization. Uma izinhlamvu zicolile, isikhathi sokwenza i-homogenization siba mfishane. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwelashwa kwe-homogenization, izinyathelo ezifana nokucolisiswa okusanhlamvu kanye nokwenza kahle kokulawulwa kwesegmentation yesithando sokushisa kungenziwa.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-6063 aluminium alloy kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukulawulwa okuqinile kokwakheka, ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokuncibilikisa kanye nokuphonsa, kanye nokucubungula okubalulekile kwe-homogenization. Ngokucubungulisisa nokulawula lezi zici ezibalulekile, izinduku ze-aluminium alloy cast cast zingakhiqizwa, zinikeze isisekelo esiqinile sezinto ezibonakalayo zokukhiqizwa kwephrofayili okulandelayo. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinqubo, ukukhiqizwa kwama-alloys e-aluminium kuzosebenza kahle futhi kungabi nemvelo, kube neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zesimanje.