Ukulawulwa kakuhle kwe-aluminium alloy smelting kunye neenkqubo zokuphosa: uhlalutyo olubanzi lwe-6063 ye-aluminium alloy introduction.

Ukulawulwa kokuqulunqwa kwee-alloys ze-aluminium ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-6063 aluminium alloy, ngaphezu kokulawula umxholo wezinto eziphambili ze-alloy, ezifana nomlinganiselo we-magnesium kunye ne-silicon, izinto ezingcolileyo ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu, i-manganese, njl. Nangona ezi zinto zinempembelelo encinci kwiipropati ze-alloy kwiimali zokulandela umkhondo, emva kokuba zigqithise umda othile, ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu iipropati zomatshini kunye nokumelana nokubola kwezinto. Ngokukodwa i-zinc, ukuba umxholo wayo udlula i-0.05%, amabala amhlophe aya kubonakala ebusweni beprofayili emva kwe-oxidation, ngoko ke ukulawulwa komxholo we-zinc kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-6063 i-aluminium alloy isekelwe kumgangatho we-GB / T5237-93, obandakanya ikakhulu i-silicon ye-0.2-0.6%, i-0.45-0.9% ye-magnesium kunye ne-0.35% yentsimbi. Le alloy yi-alloy ye-aluminiyam eyomeleziweyo enokunyangwa ngokushisa, kwaye isigaba saso esisisiseko se-Mg2Si. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucima, ubungakanani besisombululo esiqinileyo uMg2Si sinquma amandla okugqibela e-alloy. Ubushushu be-eutectic yi-595°C. Ngeli xesha, i-solubility ephezulu ye-Mg2Si yi-1.85%, eyehla kwi-1.05% kwi-500 ° C. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukulawula ubushushu bokucima kubalulekile kumandla e-alloy. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo we-magnesium kwi-silicon kwi-alloy unempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-solubility eqinile ye-Mg2Si. Ukuze ufumane i-alloy yamandla aphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-Mg: Si ungaphantsi kwe-1.73.

Ukunyibilikisa linyathelo eliphambili lenkqubo ekuveliseni iintonga ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukushisa okunyibilikayo kwe-6063 i-aluminium alloy kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo phakathi kwe-750-760 ° C. Ukushisa okuphantsi kakhulu kuya kubangela ukuveliswa kwe-slag inclusions, ngelixa ukushisa okuphezulu kuya kwandisa umngcipheko we-hydrogen absorption, i-oxidation kunye ne-nitriding. Ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kwi-aluminiyam engamanzi inyuka ngokubukhali ngaphezu kwe-760°C. Ke ngoko, ukulawula ubushushu obunyibilikayo sisitshixo sokunciphisa ukufunxwa kwehydrogen. Ukongeza, ukhetho lwe-flux kunye nokusetyenziswa kwethekhnoloji yokucoca nayo ibalulekile. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ngoku kwimarike ikakhulu ziyi-chloride kunye ne-fluoride. Le misinga ifunxa lula ukufuma. Ngoko ke, izinto eziluhlaza kufuneka zigcinwe zomile ngexesha lemveliso, zitywinwe kwaye zipakishwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusulungekiswa kokutshiza ngomgubo ngoku yeyona ndlela iphambili yokucokisa i-6063 ialloyi ye-aluminiyam. Ngale ndlela, i-ejenti yokucoca inokuqhagamshelana ngokupheleleyo nolwelo lwe-aluminium ukunyusa ukusebenza kwayo. Uxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen olusetyenzisiweyo kwi-powder refining kufuneka lube luphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-oxidation kunye ne-hydrogen absorption.

Ukuphosa linyathelo eliphambili ekumiseleni umgangatho weentonga eziphosiweyo. Ubushushu bokuphosa obufanelekileyo bunokuthintela ukwenzeka kweziphene zokuphosa. Kwi-6063 ye-aluminiyam ye-alloy liquid eye yafumana unyango lokucokisa ukutya okuziinkozo, iqondo lobushushu lokuphosa linokwenyuka ngokufanelekileyo ukuya kuma-720-740°C. Olu luhlu lweqondo lokushisa lulungele ukuhamba kunye nokuqiniswa kwe-aluminium engamanzi ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko we-pores kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphosa, i-turbulence kunye ne-rolling ye-aluminium liquid kufuneka igwenywe ukukhusela ukuphuka kwefilimu ye-oxide kunye nesizukulwana se-slag inclusions. Ukongeza, ukucoca ulwelo lwe-aluminium yindlela esebenzayo yokususa i-slag engeyiyo isinyithi. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-scum engaphezulu yolwelo lwe-aluminiyam iyasuswa ngaphambi kokuhluzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okugudileyo.

Unyango lwe-Homogenization yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yonyango lokushisa ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lokuphosa kunye nokungalingani kokwakheka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kweenkozo. I-crystallization engekho-equilibrium iya kukhokelela ekukhupheni uxinzelelo kunye nokungalingani kokwakheka kweekhemikhali phakathi kweenkozo. Ezi ngxaki ziya kuchaphazela inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo ye-extrusion, kunye neempawu zoomatshini kunye neempawu zonyango zomphezulu wemveliso yokugqibela. Unyango lwe-homogenization lukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwezinto ze-aluminium alloy ukusuka kwimida yeenkozo kwiinkozo ngokugcina ukushisa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe ukufana kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kweenkozo. Ubungakanani beenkozo zinempembelelo enkulu kwixesha lonyango lwe-homogenization. Okukhona iinkozo zicolile, kokukhona lifutshane ixesha le-homogenization. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zonyango lwe-homogenization, amanyathelo afana nokucocwa kweenkozo kunye nokulungiswa kokulawulwa kwecandelo lokufudumala kwesithando somlilo kunokuthathwa.

Ukuveliswa kwe-6063 ye-aluminium alloy yinkqubo enzima ebandakanya ulawulo olungqongqo lokubunjwa, ukunyibilika okuphucukileyo kunye neteknoloji yokuphosa, kunye nokucubungula okubalulekileyo kwe-homogenization. Ngokuqwalasela ngokubanzi kunye nokulawula le miba ephambili, i-aluminium ephezulu ye-alloy cast rods inokuveliswa, ibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sezinto eziphathekayo kwimveliso yeprofayili elandelayo. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokulungiswa kweenkqubo, ukuveliswa kwee-alloys ze-aluminium kuya kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye kuhambelane nokusingqongileyo, kwenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loshishino lwanamhlanje.